Respuesta :
c) is the correct option
Explanation:
- A dependent variable represents a quantity whose value depends on how the independent variable is manipulated
- An independent variable is a variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an experiment
- A causal relation between two events exists if the occurrence of the first causes the other
- The first event is called the cause and the second event is called the effect
- One way to determine whether a relationship between variables is causal is based on three criteria for research design: temporal precedence meaning that the hypothesized cause happens before the measured effect; co-variation of the cause and effect meaning that there is an established relationship between the two variables regardless of causation; and a lack of plausible alternative explanations
- Here in this case too may participants cannot be the criteria for a causal relationship between the two variables
