17. Which of the following best describes how amino acids affect the tertiary structure of a
protein?
a) The number of amino acids determines the tertiary structure of the protein.
b) The interactions of the different R-groups with other R-groups and with their environment
determine the tertiary structure of the protein.
c) The R-group of the last amino acid that is added to a growing polypeptide chain
determines the next amino acid that is added to the chain.
d) The sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain determines the protein's
primary structure but has no effect on its tertiary structure.

The tertiary structure of the protein is determined by the interactions of the different R-groups with other R-groups and with their environment in the protein (Option B).

An R-group (also called variable group) is a side chain that is attached to the α-carbon of the amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.

The linear sequence of amino acids within a protein is the primary structure of proteins.

The second structure of proteins is determined by the pattern of hydrogen bonding in the peptide backbone. The most common secondary structures of the proteins are alpha-helices and beta-sheets.

The protein tertiary structure is the 3D (tridimensional) shape of the protein, which is due to interaction among R groups of amino acids and with their environment.

The most common tertiary structures of the proteins are globular and fibrous structures.

Finally, the quaternary structure of the proteins is determined by the interaction of several protein chains or subunits.

In conclusion, the tertiary structure of the protein is determined by the interactions of the R-groups and with their environment in the protein (Option B is correct).

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