1.Why did Muslims need to appoint a "caliph" or successor after the death of the Prophet Muhammad?
2. What was the major lasting impact of the Crusades on the Muslim world?

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Answer:

1.)A monarch known as the "caliph," which means "successor," headed the Caliphate. The caliph was the Muslim world's religious and political official, and was considered the Prophet Muhammad's heir. When did it all start? After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, the Caliphate was established.

Explanation: