Before the Christian era, the roman policy with respect to the Jewish population was to allow them to practice Judaism
Rome established its empire through force. To control such a vast empire, however, it needed the cooperation of its subject peoples. It accomplished this in a variety of ways. Instead of punishing conquered nations, Rome frequently treated them as allies, encouraging them to share in the glory and wealth of the empire's construction.
Rome had the most problems with the monotheistic religions - Judaism and Christianity. Because these religions held that there was only one god, they forbade the worship of other gods. Their members refused to make offerings to Roman gods or participate in Roman religious festivals, which Rome saw as a sign of loyalty. These religions put Roman tolerance to the test.
Rome recognized Judaism as a legal religion, allowing Jews to worship freely. However, Rome regarded Jews with suspicion and persecuted them on several occasions. When Nero was Emperor in A.D. 66, one of the most severe conflicts between Rome and the Jews began in Judea.
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