The correct answer is D) mandatory school.
After laws were passed, the mandatory school was a positive result of urbanization that helped raise the standard of living.
Just to contextualize the information, let's remember that the first mandatory school laws originated in the state of Massachusetts in 1852. In 1853, the state of New York followed. Time went by and by 1918, mandatory school, primary level, was required for children in the United States. What followed was to establish equal public education opportunities for children, regardless of race. With the Supreme Court decision in the case, Brown v. the Board of education of Topeka, Kansas, blacks and whites could study in the same school facilities.
